Sensation and perception
Human
life depends on the sense organs for its survival since they are the ties
linking the human body with the external world.
The sense organs, also known as the windows of life, allows us to sense external stimuli. The human body possess five sense organs, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The sense organs act as receptors perceiving external stimuli .The stimuli perceived could be vision, sound, smell, taste and touch.
Sensation is the process in which the receptors detect an external stimuli and directs it to the brain (Heffner L Christopher, All Psych, chapter 5, section 1, Sensation and perception) . Sensation has two brinks or
thresholds. The absolute threshold and the difference threshold. The absolute
threshold is the point at which the receptors detect the presence of a stimulus
(ex-slightest sound heard). The difference threshold is the point at which the
receptors detect that there has been a difference in the intensity of the
stimulus (ex- the point an individual realizes the volume of the song he has
been listening to has been increased, the point at which a person notices the intensity
of the light has increased).
A popular theory classified studied under sensation is the ‘signal detection theory’. The signal detection theory implies that, when there is a particular stimuli an individual is supposed to focus and pay attention to (attended stimuli) amidst so many other stimuli (environmental stimuli) he will tend to ignore all the other stimuli and focus only on that particular stimuli. A real life application would be listening to a friend in a very crowded and noisy place.
Amidst all the other noises the individual would focus all of his attention towards his friend’s voice, simply with all the incoming stimuli he would be detecting only his friend’s voice. This is the signal detection theory. It’s about the ability of the senses to take in what is important excluding everything trivial.
Perception is the process in which the brain construe the data directed to it by the senses.During the perception process, the brain uses its existing knowledge and experience to define the stimulus.
Perceptual experiences involve four elements: distal stimulus, informational medium, proximal stimulus and perceptual object. Distal stimulus is the object in the external world, informational medium is the medium in which the stimulus exists, proximal stimulus is the representation of the distal stimulus in the sense organs and perceptual object is the mental image of the distal stimulus.
Perception includes something called the ‘perceptual constancy’. Perceptual constancy could be described as the process in which the eyes can observe a certain object differently without having to re-arrange its properties all over again every time it undergoes a change.
There are three constancies: size constancy, shape constancy, brightness constancy.
Size constancy is ability to observe an object and figure out its size regardless of the distance or angle the object is in. Shape constancy is the ability to identify the shape of an object no matter which angle /position it is place in. Lastly, brightness constancy is the ability to identify the fact that colour stays the same although the intensities change. Then comes , perceiving distanced , which is los a frequently discussed aspect. The pair of eyes humans possess determine distance by two cues known as the monocular cue and the binocular cue. Monocular cue involves one eye while the binocular cue involves both the eyes. Monocular cue includes size, shading, height, overlapping, and texture while the binocular cue includes convergence and retinal disparity.
(Heffner L Christopher, All Psych, chapter 5, section 1, Sensation and perception)
Both perception and sensation are extremely important to live on in the world because it helps sense external stimuli and react to them. The world is full of dangers and they help escape from them and survival.
In fact, it supports mere survival of the both human, animal and plants. It is links the external world with the body , whether its human or animal.
The sense organs, also known as the windows of life, allows us to sense external stimuli. The human body possess five sense organs, the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. The sense organs act as receptors perceiving external stimuli .The stimuli perceived could be vision, sound, smell, taste and touch.
Sensation is the process in which the receptors detect an external stimuli and directs it to the brain (Heffner L Christopher, All Psych, chapter 5, section 1, Sensation and perception)
A popular theory classified studied under sensation is the ‘signal detection theory’. The signal detection theory implies that, when there is a particular stimuli an individual is supposed to focus and pay attention to (attended stimuli) amidst so many other stimuli (environmental stimuli) he will tend to ignore all the other stimuli and focus only on that particular stimuli. A real life application would be listening to a friend in a very crowded and noisy place.
Amidst all the other noises the individual would focus all of his attention towards his friend’s voice, simply with all the incoming stimuli he would be detecting only his friend’s voice. This is the signal detection theory. It’s about the ability of the senses to take in what is important excluding everything trivial.
Perception is the process in which the brain construe the data directed to it by the senses.During the perception process, the brain uses its existing knowledge and experience to define the stimulus.
Perceptual experiences involve four elements: distal stimulus, informational medium, proximal stimulus and perceptual object. Distal stimulus is the object in the external world, informational medium is the medium in which the stimulus exists, proximal stimulus is the representation of the distal stimulus in the sense organs and perceptual object is the mental image of the distal stimulus.
Perception includes something called the ‘perceptual constancy’. Perceptual constancy could be described as the process in which the eyes can observe a certain object differently without having to re-arrange its properties all over again every time it undergoes a change.
There are three constancies: size constancy, shape constancy, brightness constancy.
Size constancy is ability to observe an object and figure out its size regardless of the distance or angle the object is in. Shape constancy is the ability to identify the shape of an object no matter which angle /position it is place in. Lastly, brightness constancy is the ability to identify the fact that colour stays the same although the intensities change. Then comes , perceiving distanced , which is los a frequently discussed aspect. The pair of eyes humans possess determine distance by two cues known as the monocular cue and the binocular cue. Monocular cue involves one eye while the binocular cue involves both the eyes. Monocular cue includes size, shading, height, overlapping, and texture while the binocular cue includes convergence and retinal disparity.
(Heffner L Christopher, All Psych, chapter 5, section 1, Sensation and perception)
Both perception and sensation are extremely important to live on in the world because it helps sense external stimuli and react to them. The world is full of dangers and they help escape from them and survival.
In fact, it supports mere survival of the both human, animal and plants. It is links the external world with the body , whether its human or animal.
Soon
after the receptor perceives the stimulus, a message is sent to the brain in
the form of electric energy (electrical impulse).The stimulus energy is
converted into electrical energy. This change in energy is known as
transduction. Transduction occurs because the only form in which the brain
could recognize and respond to is the electric form .
Electric energy could be considered the communication medium of the brain, everything moving into and out of the brain is in electric form.
Electric energy could be considered the communication medium of the brain, everything moving into and out of the brain is in electric form.
Comments
Post a Comment